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Article Type

Research Article

Abstract

This paper develops the Heritage Site Sustainability Index (HSSI), a multidimensional composite for measuring economic sustainability in the Saudi heritage sector. Using a purposive expert sample (n=74, March–May 2026), the study applies OLS regression, Mann-Whitney analysis, and scenario-based projections to 2035. Reliability is exceptional (α=0.967); EFA (KMO=0.914; 3 factors, 68.4% variance) provides preliminary support for a hierarchical second-order structure. Weights are normative; DEA is conceptual only. CI-HSSI scores 57.22/100 , fragile , with financial transparency the weakest variable (50.7). A practitioner Vs. academic gap of 18.6 points (p

Keywords

Heritage Site Sustainability Index; HSSI; heritage economics; multidimensional; Saudi Arabia; governance fragility; VIF; Vision 2030

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